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Camera filters are transparent or translucent optical elements that alter the
properties of light entering the camera lens for the purpose of improving the
image being recorded. Filters can affect contrast, sharpness, highlight flare,
color, and light intensity, either individually, or in various combinations.
They can also create a variety of "special effects." It is important to
recognize that, even though there are many possibly confusing variations and
applications, all filters behave a reasonably predictable way when their
properties are understood and experienced. Most of these properties related
similarly to filter use in both film and video imaging. The following will
explain the basic optical characteristics of Tiffen and certain other types of
camera filters, as well as their applications. It is a foundation upon which to
build by experience. Textual data cannot fully inform. There is always something
new out there.
In their most successful applications, filter effects blend in with the rest of
the image to help get the message across. Use caution when using a filter in a
way that draws attention to itself as an effect. Combined with all the other
elements of image-making, filters make visual statements, manipulate emotions
and thought, and make believable what otherwise would not be. They get the
viewer involved.
Filter effects can become a key part of the "look" of a production, if
considered in the planning stages. They can also provide a crucial last-minute
fix to unexpected problems, if you have them readily available. Where possible,
it is best to run advance tests for pre-conceived situations when time allows.
Many filter types absorb light that must be compensated for when calculating
exposure. These are supplied with either a recommended "filter factor" or a
"stop value." Filter factors are multiples of the unfiltered exposure. Stop
values are added to the stop to be set without the filter. Multiple filters will
add stop values. Since each stop added is a doubling of the exposure, a filter
factor of 2 is equal to a one stop increase. Example: three filters of one stop
each will need three additional stops, or a filter factor of 2x2x2= 8 times the
unfiltered exposure.
Click here to read more of
this extensive article on filters
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